Nginx实践之GeoIP2

描述: 本次实践将根据请求者的国家显示中文或者英文的IP地址位置等相关信息在网页上，通过前面的学习，我们知道 geoip2 在检索有关 geoip 数据库的元数据时，其语法格式为 $variable_name metadata ,

实践流程

Step 1.编辑Nginx.conf主配置文件在 http 片段中，自定义定义访问日志格式后加入如下两个 geoip2 指令片段

http {
  .....
  geoip2 /usr/local/GeoIP2/GeoLite2-Country.mmdb {
    # 启用自动重新加载将使 nginx 以指定的时间间隔检查数据库的修改时间，如果发生更改则重新加载。
    auto_reload 7d;
    $geoip2_country_code country names en;
  }
  
  geoip2 /usr/local/GeoIP2/GeoLite2-City.mmdb {
    # 中国IP访问都显示中文
    $geoip2_data_country "default=中国" source=$remote_addr country names zh-CN;  # 中国
    $geoip2_data_country_code country iso_code;                  # CN
    $geoip2_data_country_continent continent names zh-CN;        # 亚洲
    $geoip2_data_country_continent_code continent code;          # AS
    $geoip2_data_province_name subdivisions 0 names zh-CN;       # 浙江省
    $geoip2_data_province_isocode subdivisions 0 names iso_code; # "ZJ"
    $geoip2_data_city city names zh-CN;                          # 杭州
    $geoip2_data_city_longitude location longitude;              # 120.161200
    $geoip2_data_city_latitude location latitude;                # 30.299400
    $geoip2_data_city_time_zone location time_zone;              # "Asia/Shanghai"
  
    # 中国以外的访问都是显示英文
    $geoip2_data_country_en "default=United States" source=$remote_addr country names en;  # United States
    $geoip2_data_country_code country iso_code;                     # US
    $geoip2_data_country_continent_en continent names en;           # North America
    $geoip2_data_country_continent_code continent code;             # NA
    $geoip2_data_province_name_en subdivisions 0 names en;          # ""
    $geoip2_data_province_isocode subdivisions 0 names iso_code;    # ""
    $geoip2_data_city city names en;                                # 杭州
    $geoip2_data_city_longitude location longitude;                 # 120.161200
    $geoip2_data_city_latitude location latitude;                   # 30.299400
    $geoip2_data_city_time_zone location time_zone;                 # "Asia/Shanghai"
  }
  ....
  
  map $geoip2_data_country_code $CN {
    CN yes;
    TW yes;
    HK yes;
    MO yes;
    default no;       
  }

}

同样编辑conf.d/demo.conf, 此处使用虚拟主机头做演, 加入如下指令片段，其主要作用是根据区其地区，使用中英文显示请求者IP地理位置信息。

$ vim conf.d/demo.conf
server {
  ...
  # 精准匹配
  location = /api/v1/ip {
    # 当访问者IP来自 `CN|TW|HK|MO` 时将会以json的形式进行返回中文的IP地址信息。
    if ( $geoip2_data_country_code ~* (CN|TW|HK|MO) ){
      rewrite (.*)  /api/v1/ip/cn last;
    }
    rewrite (.*) /api/v1/ip/en last;
  }
  
  # 中文显示
  location /api/v1/ip/cn {
    default_type application/json;
    return 200 '{"ip":"$remote_addr","country":{"name": "$geoip2_data_country", "iso_code":  "$geoip2_data_country_code", "continent": "$geoip2_data_country_continent","continent_code": "$geoip2_data_country_continent_code"},"province":{"name":"$geoip2_data_province_name","iso_code":"$geoip2_data_province_isocode"},"city":{"name":"$geoip2_data_city","timezone":"$geoip2_data_city_time_zone"},"location":{"longitude":"$geoip2_data_city_longitude","latitude":"$geoip2_data_city_latitude"}}';
  }
  
  # 英文显示
  location /api/v1/ip/en {
    default_type application/json;
    return 200 '{"ip":"$remote_addr","country":{"name": "$geoip2_data_country_en", "iso_code":  "$geoip2_data_country_code", "continent": "$geoip2_data_country_continent_en","continent_code": "$geoip2_data_country_continent_code"},"province":{"name":"$geoip2_data_province_name_en","iso_code":"$geoip2_data_province_isocode"},"city":{"name":"$geoip2_data_city","timezone":"$geoip2_data_city_time_zone"},"location":{"longitude":"$geoip2_data_city_longitude","latitude":"$geoip2_data_city_latitude"}}';
  }
  ....
}

如果使用了cloudflare加速你的网站
这是默认获取的ip其实不是客户端ip而是cloudflare的cdn服务器IP，这时候在nginx.conf中的代码需要做调整，将source指定为$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP，完整代码如下：

geoip2 /var/geoip2/GeoLite2-City.mmdb {
	auto_reload 60m;
        $geoip2_data_city_continent_code source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP continent code;
        $geoip2_data_city_continent_name source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP continent names zh-CN;
        $geoip2_data_city_country_code source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP country iso_code;
        $geoip2_data_city_country_name source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP country names zh-CN;
        $geoip2_data_city_region_code source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP subdivisions 0 iso_code;
        $geoip2_data_city_region_name source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP subdivisions 0 names zh-CN;
        $geoip2_data_city_location_latitude source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP location latitude;
        $geoip2_data_city_location_longitude source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP location longitude;
        $geoip2_data_city_postal source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP postal code;
        $geoip2_data_city_city_name source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP city names en;		
    }
	
    geoip2 /var/geoip2/GeoIP2-ISP.mmdb {
        auto_reload 60m;
        $geoip2_data_isp_isp source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP isp;
        $geoip2_data_isp_org source=$HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP organization;
    }

如果拥有了isp的库
你就可以通过在nginx.conf中添加以下代码

    geoip2 /var/geoip2/GeoIP2-ISP.mmdb {
        $geoip2_data_isp_isp isp;
        $geoip2_data_isp_org organization;
    }